❤ BIOLOGY FINALS - ADAPTATION - TEXT BOOK EXERCISE SOLVED (Page 99)
❤ Exercise
I. Multiple choice questions. Tick (checkmark) the correct choice:
1. Which of the following is not a habitat?
(a) Plants in a forest
(b) Fish in the lake
(c) Chairs in a classroom
(d) Frog in water and on land.
Answer: (c) Chairs in a classroom
2. Hydrilla is a ___________ aquatic plant.
(a) submerged
(b) floating
(c) free-floating
(d) all of these
Answer: (a) submerged
3. Which of the following is a free floating aquatic plant?
(a) Hydrilla
(b) Water lily
(c) Cactus
(d) None of these
Answer: (b) Water lily
4. If trees are cone-shaped and have sloping branches, the habitat of trees will be
(a) Desert habitat
(b) Very cold habitat
(c) Mountain habitat
(d) Aquatic habitat
Answer: (c) Mountain habitat
5. Which feature helps birds to fly in air?
(a) Presence of oil glands
(b) Presence of wings and feathers
(c) Presence of fins
(d) All of these
Answer: (b) Presence of wings and feathers
6. The habitat of numerous organisms is
(a) Forest
(b) Classroom
(c) Tree
(d) Garden
Answer: (a) Forest
7. An example of aquatic habitat is
(a) pond
(b) lake
(c) river
(d) all of these
Answer: (d) all of these
8. Choose the odd one from the following animals.
(a) Polar bear
(b) Penguins
(c) Siberian Crane
(d) Reindeer
Answer: (c) Siberian Crane
II. Choose the odd one out, giving reason:
1. Cactus, agave, Acacia, Hydrilla.
Answer: Hydrilla.
Reason: Cactus, agave, and Acacia are xerophytes (desert plants), whereas Hydrilla is a hydrophyte (aquatic plant).
2. Opuntia, pine, juniper, fir.
Answer: Opuntia.
Reason: Pine, juniper, and fir are mountain plants, whereas Opuntia is a desert plant.
III. Fill in the blanks:
1. The presence of special features which enable an organism to live in a particular habitat is called ___________.
Answer: Adaptation
2. Organisms living on land are called ___________.
Answer: terrestrial
3. Amphibians are found both in ___________ and on ___________.
Answer: water, land
4. Aquatic habitat refers to organisms found in ___________.
Answer: water
IV. Match the items in Column A with those in Column B:
V. Unjumble the letters to find the names of different organisms [Integrated to language].
1. TCAUSC — Answer: CACTUS
2. NEOIGP — Answer: PIGEON
3. HDIRCO — Answer: ORCHID
VI. Explain how the following organisms are adapted to survive in their habitat:
1. Fish
Answer: Fish have a streamlined, spindle-shaped body to reduce friction while swimming. They possess gills for breathing dissolved oxygen from water and a swim bladder to maintain buoyancy. Their body is also covered with waterproof scales to prevent rotting.
2. Pine tree
Answer: Pine trees are cone-shaped with sloping branches that allow rain and snow to slide off easily. Their needle-shaped leaves help conserve water by reducing transpiration.
3. Dodder plant
Answer: The Dodder plant (Cuscuta) is a parasitic plant that has special roots called haustoria. These roots penetrate the stem or branches of a host tree to absorb nutrients.
4. Water lily
Answer: Water lilies have large, circular leaves with a waxy coating that prevents them from rotting and helps them float. Their stems are long, thin, hollow, and flexible to sway with water movements.
VII. Answer the following questions:
VII. Ans the Following
(i) Habitat: The natural home and immediate surroundings of an organism is called its habitat.
(ii) Adaptation: Unique features of structure, behavior, or function that help an organism survive in its surroundings are called adaptations.
Answer:
(a) Penguins: They have a thick layer of blubber and feathers to keep warm and flippers for swimming.
(b) Mountain trees: They are cone-shaped with sloping branches and needle-shaped leaves.
(c) Aerial plants: They have aerial roots or pneumatophores to absorb moisture and oxygen from the atmosphere.
(d) Birds: They have wings, hollow bones, a streamlined body, and air sacs to help in flight.
VIII. Case Study Based Questions
1. Which of the following is a physical adaptation?
(a) Tusk of an Elephant
(b) Winter sleep of Polar Bear
(c) Migration of Siberian Crane
(d) Huddling of Penguins
Answer: (a) Tusk of an Elephant
2. Birds can fly because
(a) they have wings
(b) they have streamlined body
(c) they have hollow bones
(d) all of these
Answer: (d) all of these
Answer: (d) Fish-wings
IX. Assertion-Reason Type Questions
Assertion (A): Yak possesses long hairs.
Reason (R): Long hairs help Yak to maintain body temperature.
Answer: (a) If both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Assertion (A): Streamlined body is a feature of birds.
Reason (R): Aquatic animals are also streamlined in shape.
Answer: (b) If both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct but Reason (R) is Not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
X. Identify the following photographs/figures, and mention the region where these organisms are found.
1. Pine Tree — Found in mountain regions.
2. Hydrilla — Found in aquatic habitats (submerged).
3. Cactus — Found in desert (xeric) regions.
4. Mountain Goat — Found in mountain regions.
I. Multiple choice questions. Tick (checkmark) the correct choice:
1. Which of the following is not a habitat?
(a) Plants in a forest
(b) Fish in the lake
(c) Chairs in a classroom
(d) Frog in water and on land.
Answer: (c) Chairs in a classroom
2. Hydrilla is a ___________ aquatic plant.
(a) submerged
(b) floating
(c) free-floating
(d) all of these
Answer: (a) submerged
3. Which of the following is a free floating aquatic plant?
(a) Hydrilla
(b) Water lily
(c) Cactus
(d) None of these
Answer: (b) Water lily
4. If trees are cone-shaped and have sloping branches, the habitat of trees will be
(a) Desert habitat
(b) Very cold habitat
(c) Mountain habitat
(d) Aquatic habitat
Answer: (c) Mountain habitat
5. Which feature helps birds to fly in air?
(a) Presence of oil glands
(b) Presence of wings and feathers
(c) Presence of fins
(d) All of these
Answer: (b) Presence of wings and feathers
6. The habitat of numerous organisms is
(a) Forest
(b) Classroom
(c) Tree
(d) Garden
Answer: (a) Forest
7. An example of aquatic habitat is
(a) pond
(b) lake
(c) river
(d) all of these
Answer: (d) all of these
8. Choose the odd one from the following animals.
(a) Polar bear
(b) Penguins
(c) Siberian Crane
(d) Reindeer
Answer: (c) Siberian Crane
II. Choose the odd one out, giving reason:
1. Cactus, agave, Acacia, Hydrilla.
Answer: Hydrilla.
Reason: Cactus, agave, and Acacia are xerophytes (desert plants), whereas Hydrilla is a hydrophyte (aquatic plant).
2. Opuntia, pine, juniper, fir.
Answer: Opuntia.
Reason: Pine, juniper, and fir are mountain plants, whereas Opuntia is a desert plant.
III. Fill in the blanks:
1. The presence of special features which enable an organism to live in a particular habitat is called ___________.
Answer: Adaptation
2. Organisms living on land are called ___________.
Answer: terrestrial
3. Amphibians are found both in ___________ and on ___________.
Answer: water, land
4. Aquatic habitat refers to organisms found in ___________.
Answer: water
IV. Match the items in Column A with those in Column B:
| Column A | Column B |
| 1. Xerophytes | (c) Desert plants |
| 2. Habitat | (d) Place of living of organisms |
| 3. Terrestrial habitat | (e) Plants that live on land |
| 4. Streamlined body | (a) Fish |
| 5. Webbed feet | (b) Frog |
V. Unjumble the letters to find the names of different organisms [Integrated to language].
1. TCAUSC — Answer: CACTUS
2. NEOIGP — Answer: PIGEON
3. HDIRCO — Answer: ORCHID
VI. Explain how the following organisms are adapted to survive in their habitat:
1. Fish
Answer: Fish have a streamlined, spindle-shaped body to reduce friction while swimming. They possess gills for breathing dissolved oxygen from water and a swim bladder to maintain buoyancy. Their body is also covered with waterproof scales to prevent rotting.
2. Pine tree
Answer: Pine trees are cone-shaped with sloping branches that allow rain and snow to slide off easily. Their needle-shaped leaves help conserve water by reducing transpiration.
3. Dodder plant
Answer: The Dodder plant (Cuscuta) is a parasitic plant that has special roots called haustoria. These roots penetrate the stem or branches of a host tree to absorb nutrients.
4. Water lily
Answer: Water lilies have large, circular leaves with a waxy coating that prevents them from rotting and helps them float. Their stems are long, thin, hollow, and flexible to sway with water movements.
VII. Answer the following questions:
VII. Ans the Following
Define the following:
(i) Habitat (ii) Adaptation
Answer:
Answer:
(i) Habitat: The natural home and immediate surroundings of an organism is called its habitat.
(ii) Adaptation: Unique features of structure, behavior, or function that help an organism survive in its surroundings are called adaptations.
2. Why in floating aquatic plants, stem is thin and flexible?
Answer: The stem is thin and flexible so that it can sway or bend with water movement and pressure without breaking.
3. Leaves in Hydrilla are long and thin. Why?
Answer: In submerged plants like Hydrilla, leaves are long and thin so that strong water currents cannot tear them apart.
4. How water loss is prevented in desert plants?
Answer: In desert plants like cactus, leaves are reduced to spines to reduce water loss from the surface of the leaves through transpiration.
5.What are the adaptations found in a desert animal like camel?
Answer: Camels have long legs to keep their bodies away from the heat of the sand and thick, large soles to walk on sand. They can live without water for several days by storing reserve food (fat) in their humps and producing very little urine.
6. Name the adaptations found in
Answer: The stem is thin and flexible so that it can sway or bend with water movement and pressure without breaking.
3. Leaves in Hydrilla are long and thin. Why?
Answer: In submerged plants like Hydrilla, leaves are long and thin so that strong water currents cannot tear them apart.
4. How water loss is prevented in desert plants?
Answer: In desert plants like cactus, leaves are reduced to spines to reduce water loss from the surface of the leaves through transpiration.
5.What are the adaptations found in a desert animal like camel?
Answer: Camels have long legs to keep their bodies away from the heat of the sand and thick, large soles to walk on sand. They can live without water for several days by storing reserve food (fat) in their humps and producing very little urine.
6. Name the adaptations found in
(a) penguins (b) trees found in mountain regions (c) aerial plants (d) birds.
Answer:
(a) Penguins: They have a thick layer of blubber and feathers to keep warm and flippers for swimming.
(b) Mountain trees: They are cone-shaped with sloping branches and needle-shaped leaves.
(c) Aerial plants: They have aerial roots or pneumatophores to absorb moisture and oxygen from the atmosphere.
(d) Birds: They have wings, hollow bones, a streamlined body, and air sacs to help in flight.
VIII. Case Study Based Questions
1. Which of the following is a physical adaptation?
(a) Tusk of an Elephant
(b) Winter sleep of Polar Bear
(c) Migration of Siberian Crane
(d) Huddling of Penguins
Answer: (a) Tusk of an Elephant
2. Birds can fly because
(a) they have wings
(b) they have streamlined body
(c) they have hollow bones
(d) all of these
Answer: (d) all of these
3. Adaptation is
(a) a very fast change
(b) a very slow change
(c) a moderate change
(d) none of these
Answer: (b) a very slow change
4. Choose the odd one amongst the following pairs.
(a) Penguin-webbed feet
(b) Monkey-long tail
(c) Camel-large soles
(d) Fish-wings
(a) a very fast change
(b) a very slow change
(c) a moderate change
(d) none of these
Answer: (b) a very slow change
4. Choose the odd one amongst the following pairs.
(a) Penguin-webbed feet
(b) Monkey-long tail
(c) Camel-large soles
(d) Fish-wings
Answer: (d) Fish-wings
IX. Assertion-Reason Type Questions
Assertion (A): Yak possesses long hairs.
Reason (R): Long hairs help Yak to maintain body temperature.
Answer: (a) If both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Assertion (A): Streamlined body is a feature of birds.
Reason (R): Aquatic animals are also streamlined in shape.
Answer: (b) If both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct but Reason (R) is Not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(While both are true, the shape of aquatic animals doesn't explain why birds have that shape; rather, both adapt to reduce friction in their respective mediums).
X. Identify the following photographs/figures, and mention the region where these organisms are found.
1. Pine Tree — Found in mountain regions.
2. Hydrilla — Found in aquatic habitats (submerged).
3. Cactus — Found in desert (xeric) regions.
4. Mountain Goat — Found in mountain regions.
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