BIOLOGY REVISION WORKSHEET SOLVED - SEM 2 - TEST 1, 6th GRADE
Here are the solutions for your Biology Revision worksheet on the Respiratory and Circulatory systems, organized in a clear question-and-answer format.
Part 1: Descriptive Questions
Q1. Name two types of respiration and write word equations for them.
Answer:
During Exhalation - Move downwards and inwards
Part 2: Objective & Short Questions
Q13. Complete the analogy:
Oxygen: Oxyhaemoglobin ::
c) Stethoscope: Draw the earpieces, tubing, and the chest piece (diaphragm and bell).
Part 1: Descriptive Questions
Q1. Name two types of respiration and write word equations for them.
Answer:
1. Aerobic Respiration: Respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen.
Food (Glucose) + Oxygen ---> Carbon dioxide + Water + High Energy
2. Anaerobic Respiration: Respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen.
Food (Glucose) ---> Ethyl Alcohol + Carbon dioxide + Less Energy
Q2. Write the series of changes that occur in the body parts during inhalation and exhalation.
Answer:
Food (Glucose) + Oxygen ---> Carbon dioxide + Water + High Energy
2. Anaerobic Respiration: Respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen.
Food (Glucose) ---> Ethyl Alcohol + Carbon dioxide + Less Energy
Q2. Write the series of changes that occur in the body parts during inhalation and exhalation.
Answer:
- Ribs
During Exhalation - Move downwards and inwards
- Diaphragm
During Exhalation - Relaxes and moves upwards (dome-shaped)
- Chest Cavity
During Exhalation - Volume decreases
- Lungs
During Exhalation - Contract and air is pushed out
Q3. Identify the diseases on the basis of given symptoms and write a preventive measure for each of them
Answer:
Wheezing, coughing, chest tightness:
Disease: Asthma.
Prevention: Avoid triggers like dust, pollen, and smoke; stay away from pets if allergic.
Infection of main airways of lungs, yellow-grey mucus:
Disease: Bronchitis.
Prevention: Avoid smoking, wear masks in polluted areas, and maintain good hygiene to prevent viral infections.
Q4. What is the role of blood in respiration?
Answer: Blood acts as the transport medium. It carries oxygen from the lungs to all the cells of the body (via hemoglobin in RBCs) and brings back carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs for exhalation.
Q5. Constant high blood pressure is harmful. Explain in detail.
Answer: Constant high blood pressure (hypertension) puts extra strain on the heart and blood vessels. Over time, this can damage the arteries, making them less elastic. It increases the risk of serious health problems such as heart attacks, heart failure, kidney damage, and strokes.
Q6. Name the outer membranous covering of heart and lungs.
Answer:
Heart: Pericardium.
Lungs: Pleura (or Pleural membrane).
Q7. Give any two points of differences between
Answer:
1. Arteries and Veins:
2. Breathing and Cellular Respiration:
Q8. Give any four main points about structure of heart.
Answer:
Q9. Give reason:
a. Less amount of energy is released in Anaerobic respiration.
Answer: Because the glucose molecule is only partially broken down in the absence of oxygen.
b. WBCs are termed as soldiers of the body.
Answer: Because they defend the body against infections by fighting and destroying harmful germs (pathogens) that enter the system.
Q10. State the function of epiglottis and larynx.
Answer:
Epiglottis: A flap-like structure that covers the windpipe during swallowing to prevent food from entering the lungs.
Larynx: Also known as the voice box, it contains vocal cords that vibrate to produce sound.
Q11. List two characteristic features of air sacs in lungs.
Answer:
They have very thin walls (one cell thick) to allow easy gas exchange.
They are surrounded by a vast network of blood capillaries.
Q12. Name the structure that prevents the collapsing of trachea in the absence of air?
Answer: C-shaped rings of cartilage.
Answer:
Wheezing, coughing, chest tightness:
Disease: Asthma.
Prevention: Avoid triggers like dust, pollen, and smoke; stay away from pets if allergic.
Infection of main airways of lungs, yellow-grey mucus:
Disease: Bronchitis.
Prevention: Avoid smoking, wear masks in polluted areas, and maintain good hygiene to prevent viral infections.
Q4. What is the role of blood in respiration?
Answer: Blood acts as the transport medium. It carries oxygen from the lungs to all the cells of the body (via hemoglobin in RBCs) and brings back carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs for exhalation.
Q5. Constant high blood pressure is harmful. Explain in detail.
Answer: Constant high blood pressure (hypertension) puts extra strain on the heart and blood vessels. Over time, this can damage the arteries, making them less elastic. It increases the risk of serious health problems such as heart attacks, heart failure, kidney damage, and strokes.
Q6. Name the outer membranous covering of heart and lungs.
Answer:
Heart: Pericardium.
Lungs: Pleura (or Pleural membrane).
Q7. Give any two points of differences between
Answer:
1. Arteries and Veins:
- Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart (except pulmonary artery), while veins carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart (except pulmonary vein).
- Arteries have thick, elastic walls; veins have thin walls and contain valves.
2. Breathing and Cellular Respiration:
- Breathing is a physical process of inhaling and exhaling, while cellular respiration is a biochemical process of breaking down food to release energy.
- Breathing occurs outside the cells (in the respiratory organs), while cellular respiration occurs inside the cells (mitochondria).
Q8. Give any four main points about structure of heart.
Answer:
- The heart is a muscular organ about the size of a closed fist.
- It is divided into four chambers: two upper auricles (atria) and two lower ventricles.
- A muscular wall called the septum separates the right side from the left side to prevent mixing of blood.
- It contains valves that ensure blood flows in only one direction.
Q9. Give reason:
a. Less amount of energy is released in Anaerobic respiration.
Answer: Because the glucose molecule is only partially broken down in the absence of oxygen.
b. WBCs are termed as soldiers of the body.
Answer: Because they defend the body against infections by fighting and destroying harmful germs (pathogens) that enter the system.
Q10. State the function of epiglottis and larynx.
Answer:
Epiglottis: A flap-like structure that covers the windpipe during swallowing to prevent food from entering the lungs.
Larynx: Also known as the voice box, it contains vocal cords that vibrate to produce sound.
Q11. List two characteristic features of air sacs in lungs.
Answer:
They have very thin walls (one cell thick) to allow easy gas exchange.
They are surrounded by a vast network of blood capillaries.
Q12. Name the structure that prevents the collapsing of trachea in the absence of air?
Answer: C-shaped rings of cartilage.
Part 2: Objective & Short Questions
Q13. Complete the analogy:
Oxygen: Oxyhaemoglobin ::
Carbon-dioxide: Carbaminohemoglobin (or Bicarbonate).
Q14. Where can the pulse be felt in our body?
Answer: The pulse can be felt in areas where an artery runs close to the skin, such as the wrist (radial artery) and the neck (carotid artery).
Q15. Name the blood vessels that carry blood
a) towards the heart: Veins.
b) away from the heart: Arteries.
Q16. Name an instrument used to measure the blood pressure.
Answer: Sphygmomanometer.
Q17. How is backward flow of blood from ventricles into auricles prevented?
Answer: It is prevented by the valves (Tricuspid and Bicuspid/Mitral valves) located between the auricles and ventricles.
Q18. Why do veins have valves but arteries do not?
Answer: Blood in arteries flows at high pressure and speed, which keeps it moving forward. In veins, blood flows at low pressure against gravity; valves are necessary to prevent the backflow of blood.
Q19. Name the following:
i) The main organ of the respiratory system: Lungs.
ii) The tube that carries air from the throat to the lungs: Trachea (Windpipe).
iii) Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs: Alveoli.
iv) The muscle that helps in breathing: Diaphragm.
v) The two branches of the trachea entering each lung: Bronchi.
vi) The tiny tubes that spread inside the lungs like branches: Bronchioles.
vii) The chamber of the heart that receives deoxygenated blood from the body: Right Atrium (Auricle).
viii) The chamber of the heart that pumps blood to the lungs: Right Ventricle.
ix) The wall separating the right and left sides of the heart: Septum.
x) The chamber of the heart that pumps oxygenated blood to the whole body: Left Ventricle.
Q20. Draw neat and labelled diagrams of: (Learn from the text book how to draw the following diagrams)
a) Human respiratory system: Should include nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs with diaphragm.
b) Blood cells: Draw circular/biconcave RBCs, irregular-shaped WBCs with nuclei, and tiny fragments for Platelets.
Q14. Where can the pulse be felt in our body?
Answer: The pulse can be felt in areas where an artery runs close to the skin, such as the wrist (radial artery) and the neck (carotid artery).
Q15. Name the blood vessels that carry blood
a) towards the heart: Veins.
b) away from the heart: Arteries.
Q16. Name an instrument used to measure the blood pressure.
Answer: Sphygmomanometer.
Q17. How is backward flow of blood from ventricles into auricles prevented?
Answer: It is prevented by the valves (Tricuspid and Bicuspid/Mitral valves) located between the auricles and ventricles.
Q18. Why do veins have valves but arteries do not?
Answer: Blood in arteries flows at high pressure and speed, which keeps it moving forward. In veins, blood flows at low pressure against gravity; valves are necessary to prevent the backflow of blood.
Q19. Name the following:
i) The main organ of the respiratory system: Lungs.
ii) The tube that carries air from the throat to the lungs: Trachea (Windpipe).
iii) Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs: Alveoli.
iv) The muscle that helps in breathing: Diaphragm.
v) The two branches of the trachea entering each lung: Bronchi.
vi) The tiny tubes that spread inside the lungs like branches: Bronchioles.
vii) The chamber of the heart that receives deoxygenated blood from the body: Right Atrium (Auricle).
viii) The chamber of the heart that pumps blood to the lungs: Right Ventricle.
ix) The wall separating the right and left sides of the heart: Septum.
x) The chamber of the heart that pumps oxygenated blood to the whole body: Left Ventricle.
Q20. Draw neat and labelled diagrams of: (Learn from the text book how to draw the following diagrams)
a) Human respiratory system: Should include nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs with diaphragm.
b) Blood cells: Draw circular/biconcave RBCs, irregular-shaped WBCs with nuclei, and tiny fragments for Platelets.
c) Stethoscope: Draw the earpieces, tubing, and the chest piece (diaphragm and bell).
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