❤ Biology Consolidated Revision Worksheet - SOLVED

This is a comprehensive biology revision worksheet covering plant adaptations, human anatomy, and health. Here are the solutions in a Q&A format.

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Biology Consolidated Revision Worksheet

Q 1. Complete the following table on the basis of adaptations in plants:

Adaptation	Type of plants	How are they useful?
Pneumatophores	Mangroves / Marshy plants	They grow upwards to help the plant breathe in oxygen-poor soil.
Haustoria	Parasitic plants (e.g., Cuscuta)	Specialized roots that penetrate host tissue to absorb water and nutrients.
Needle shaped leaves	Coniferous / Hilly plants	Reduces water loss via transpiration and helps snow slide off easily.
Spongy stem, spiny leaves	Desert plants (Xerophytes)	Spongy stems store water; spines prevent water loss and deter herbivores.

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Q 2. Differentiate between the following based on the parameters mentioned:

• Vallisneria and water lily (roots):

  • Vallisneria: Roots are mainly for anchorage; absorption happens through the body surface.

  • Water lily: Roots are fixed in the soil at the bottom of the water body.

• Aerobic and anaerobic respiration (energy released, decomposition):

  • Aerobic: Releases a large amount of energy; results in complete decomposition of glucose into $CO_2$ and water.

  • Anaerobic: Releases very little energy; results in incomplete decomposition (lactic acid or alcohol).

• Chromoplast and Leucoplast (pigment, found):

  • Chromoplast: Contains colored pigments (carotenoids); found in flowers and fruits.

  • Leucoplast: Colorless (no pigment); found in storage organs like roots and tubers.

• Plant cell and animal cell (vacuoles, centrosome):

  • Plant Cell: Large central vacuole; centrosome is absent.

  • Animal Cell: Small, temporary vacuoles; centrosome is present.

• Acute and chronic diseases (duration):

• Acute: Short-term diseases that come on suddenly (e.g., common cold).

• Chronic: Long-term diseases that persist for years or a lifetime (e.g., diabetes).

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Q 3. Draw a neat and labelled diagram of human respiratory system.

(Note: As an AI, I cannot draw by hand, but you should include labels for the Nasal cavity, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Lungs, and Diaphragm.)

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Q 4. Give reason:

• Open drains should be covered: To prevent the breeding of mosquitoes and flies, and to stop the spread of foul odors and pathogens.

• Scalp should be massaged regularly: To improve blood circulation to hair follicles and promote healthy hair growth.

• Teeth should be brushed twice in a day: To remove food particles and plaque, preventing bacterial growth and tooth decay.

• Mitochondria is termed as ‘powerhouse of the cell’: Because they are the site of cellular respiration where energy is produced in the form of ATP.

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Q 5. List down:

• Four constituents of plasma: Water, Proteins (like albumin), Electrolytes/Salts, and Nutrients/Waste.

• Three kinds of blood vessels: Arteries, Veins, and Capillaries.

• Four parts of nucleus: Nuclear membrane, Nucleoplasm, Nucleolus, and Chromatin (DNA).

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Q 6. Name the vaccines which are prescribed to prevent the following diseases:

• Typhoid: Typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV) or Ty21a.

• Poliomyelitis: OPV (Oral Polio Vaccine) or IPV (Inactivated Polio Vaccine).

• Tuberculosis: BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin).

• Pertussis, diphtheria: DPT vaccine (Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus).

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Q 7. Complete the analogy:

• Atherosclerosis : heart disease :: Nephritis/Kidney stones : kidney disorder

• Vitamin A : Yellow fruits :: Vitamin K : Green leafy vegetables

• Largest cell: Ostrich egg :: smallest cell : Mycoplasma (PPLO)

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Q 8. Find the odd one out and state reason for it.

• Pneumonia, leprosy, rabies, tuberculosis: Odd one: Rabies.

• Reason: Rabies is a viral disease, while the others are bacterial.

• Pharynx, larynx, atrium, bronchioles: * Odd one: Atrium.

  • Reason: Atrium is part of the circulatory system (heart), while others are part of the respiratory system.

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Q 9. Identify the two steps in mechanism of breathing shown below:

A: Inhalation (Inspiration)

• B: Exhalation (Expiration)

• Composition in 'A': Higher Oxygen ($21\%$), Lower Carbon Dioxide ($0.04\%$).

• Composition in 'B': Lower Oxygen (~$16\%$), Higher Carbon Dioxide (~$4\%$).

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Q 10. State the function of –

• C-shaped rings of cartilage in trachea: Prevents the trachea from collapsing and keeps the airway open.

• Epiglottis: A flap that covers the windpipe during swallowing to prevent food from entering the lungs.

• Diaphragm: A muscle that contracts and flattens to increase chest volume, allowing air to enter the lungs.

• Thrombocytes: Also known as platelets; they help in blood clotting.

• Haemoglobin: A protein in RBCs that binds with and transports oxygen to body tissues.

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Q 11. Label the diagram given below and answer the given questions:

• Labels: 1. Pulmonary Artery, 2. Aorta, 3. Left Atrium, 4. Right Atrium, 5. Left Ventricle, 6. Right Ventricle.

• a. Pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from Right Ventricle chamber of heart.

• b. What's the function of valves present between auricles and ventricles in the heart?

  • Answer: They prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles into the auricles (atria) when the heart contracts.